noun clause

Noun Clause

A noun is used as a subject or an subject.

A noun clause is used as a subject.in other words,a noun clause is used in the same ways as a noun.

A noun clause is a clause functioning as a noun.it has its own subject and verb.

NOUN A. His story was interesting (story is a noun used as the subject of the sentence) B.I heard his story (story is a noun.it is used as the object of the verb heard)

NOUN CLAUSE What he said was interesting (what he said is a noun clause.it is used as the subject of the sentence) I heard what he said (what he said is a noun clause.it is used the object of the verb heard)

WORDS used to introduce noun clause :

Question words :

When        who

Where       whom

Why           what

How           which

Whose

A.Noun clauses which begin with a question world

QUESTION Where does she live? What did he say? When do they arrive? S       V Who lives there? What happened? Who is at the door?          V  S Who is she? Who are those men?                  S     V What did she say? What should they do?

NOUN CLAUSES I dont know where she lives I couldn’t hear what he said do you know when they arrive?                        S      V I don’t know who lives there Please tell what happened I wonder who is at the door                                S     V I don’t know who she is I don’t know who those men are           S             V What she said surprised me What they should do is obvious

B.Noun clause which begin with whether or if.

Function As Object

Will she come ?

-         I don’t know whether she will come

-         I don’t know if she will come

Does he need help?

-         I wonder whether he needs help

-         I wonder if he needs help

Function As Subject

-         Whether she comes or not is not important to me

C.Question words followed by infinitives

Question words(when,where,how,whom,whose,what,which) and whether may followed by infinitive.

Noun Clause As Object

1.    I don’t know               what i should do

I don’t know               what to do

2.    Please tell me             how i can get to the bus station

Please tell me             how to get to the bus station

Exp : - He told me when i should same

- He tould me when to come

D.Noun Clause Which Begin With That

Statement                                             Noun Clause

He  is a good actor                              i think that he is a good actor.

                                                               I think he is a good actor.

                                                               (that)he good actor is the

                                                               Object pf the sentence)

The world is round                                we know that world is round

                                                                you.

                                                                (that) the world is round is the

                                                                Object of the sentence.

Exp : jasmine was late.that didn’t suprice me

         The fact that jasmine was late didn’t suprice me

Sumber : bhs.inggris2.Universitas Gunadarma

ADVERB CLAUSE

The first page focuses on adverb clauses which are often called "time clauses" in English grammar books and follow specific patterns. Take a look at the chart below to study the various usage of different time expressions .

Punctuation

When an adverb clause begins the sentence, use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch. When the adverb clause finishes the sentence, there is no need for a comma.

Adverb Clauses with Time

When

'When' means 'at that moment, at that time, etc.'. Notice the different tenses used in relationship to the clause beginning with when. It is important to remember that 'when' takes either the simple past OR the present - the dependent clause changes tense in relation to the 'when' clause.

While, as

'While' and 'as' mean 'during that time'. 'While' and 'as' are both usually used with the past continuous because the meaning of 'during that time' which indicates an action in progess.

By the time

'By the time' expresses the idea that one event has been completed before another. It is important to notice the use of the past perfect for past events and future perfect for future events in the main clause. This is because of the idea of something happening up to another point in time.

Until, till

'Until' and 'till' express 'up to that time'. We use either the simple present or simple past with 'until' and 'till'. 'Till' is usually only used in spoken English.

Since

'Since' means 'from that time'. We use the present perfect (continuous) with 'since'. 'Since' can also be used with a specific point in time.

As soon as

'As soon as' means 'when something happens - immediately afterwards'. 'As soon as' is very similar to 'when' it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after the other. We usually use the simple present for future events, although present perfect can also be used.

Whenever, every time

Whenever' and 'every time' mean 'each time something happens'. We use the simple present (or the simple past in the past) because 'whenever' and 'every time' express habitual action

The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time

The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time means 'that specific time'. We can use these forms to be more specific about which time of a number of times something happened.

 EXAMPLE:

1. the inflation rate decrease significantly
2. HE has invested so much money in the project that the cannot abandon now
3. He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
4. he had to borrow a sum of money from his brother so that he could finish his education